U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. [103], On 9 August 2012, the United States and Vietnam began a cooperative cleaning up of the toxic chemical from part of Da Nang International Airport, marking the first time Washington has been involved in cleaning up Agent Orange in Vietnam. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. [2], Arapaho tribe Cheyenne tribeLakota tribes, Vichy FranceItalian Social Republic 19431945Kingdom of Italy19421943, American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict, US units with most casualties per conflict, Union and Confederate numbers added together, The 215 casualty figure is disputed. 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On October 22, 1957, the U.S. forces suffered their first hostile casualties. Battle of Hamburger Hill. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. Cobra helicopters totaled 1,110,716 flight hours in Vietnam. [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. Initially, the toll was just over 57,000, but new casualties came to light. Before the Second World War, Vietnam was occupied by the colonial French empire. This led to increased racial tension in the military. It is unknown how much aid was lost from North Vietnamese allies. [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. War on Terrorism, 2000-2014. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. History is not a fixed set of facts. [11], Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its estimated losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead or missing, U.S body count figures had actually underestimated enemy losses. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. Devon has tutored for almost two years. According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. A South Vietnamese plane seeking Vietcong hiding places accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on civilians and government troops instead. In the days before "embeds" this generation's enforced melding of photographer and military unit there was a certain sense of . Ordering Information for Electronic Records. Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. An error occurred trying to load this video. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Colonial France inhabited Vietnam through the end of World War II. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. combat, provided close combat support or were at least fairly regularly. The United States Army lost the most troops in the Vietnam War, over 38,000 soldiers. The numbers below are not exact, as there are still personnel who have not been identified or are identified as missing. From 1965 to 1975, nearly 500,000 Marines served in Southeast Asia. Vietnam War. Create your account. 1. He took over the city of Hanoi and declared independence from France in 1954. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years," downloaded from the Vietnamese government website datafile on 1 December 2017. The study's authors stated that methodological limitations of the study include imbalance between rural and urban areas and the potential exclusion of high mortality areas. Harper Perennial; September 1991. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. It granted him broad latitude in handling the struggle against communism in Southeast Asia. [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. Revolutionary War. The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. LIFE magazine, June 27, 1969, featuring a portrait of U.S. Army specialist William C. Gearing, Jr., one of 242 American servicemen killed in a single week of fighting during the Vietnam War. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. ^ 1st Cavalry Division was the unit with most casualties suffered during the Vietnam War with 32,036; including 5,444 KIA and 26,592 wounded. During the final years of World War II, political leader Ho Chi Minh organized a group, the Viet Cong, to fight the powers in occupancy of the territory and take control. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. (deaths in afghan war Afghanistan war casualties). Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. The Coffelt Database of Vietnam War casualties has its roots in an effort begun by Richard Donham Coffelt. Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). [5], Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. The steady aeromedical evacuation and in-theater care performed by the Air Force Medical Service (AFMS) in Southeast, The official News page of the Air Force Medical Service, providing the latest articles about Air Force Medicine and the Air Force. Some Vietnam War veterans that died between 1966 and 1968 came from Los Angeles, Sacramento, Yuba City, San Diego, Santa Ana and Whittier or Stockton.. California has the highest veteran count of all the U.S. states, totaling 596,130. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. Though North Vietnam lost, it won a major psychological victory. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. In late 2006, the project scope was extended further by including circumstances of death information in the Coffelt Database - the "how and where" of their deaths. An estimated two million civilians of all nationalities, including those of Cambodia and Laos, were killed in the fighting. The Internet cannot and has not replaced on-the-spot investigation, though; in example, one member of the Coffelt Group has photographed over 80,000 documents at the LBJ and Nixon Presidential Libraries and in the National Archives. They also are AT-CTI certified. North Vietnamese troops launched the Tet Offensive in January 1968, which was successful against South Vietnam and the U.S. 38,179 total casualties (KIA and wounded) The 1st Cavalry Division lost the most men, from Aug 1965 to Aug 1972 they had 5,444 KIA, with 26,592 wounded. Congress authorized troop deployment in Vietnam, but, because it did not issue a declaration of war on North Vietnam or the Viet Cong, the Vietnam War is, technically speaking, not considered a war in the United States. Battle of Hamburger Hill. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. Of the 2.6 million, between 1 and 1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in. Relations between the United States and Vietnam were stable in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, and peace was maintained. He estimates that between 30 and 46% of the total war deaths were civilians. For example, during the Seven Days Battles in the American Civil War (June 25 to July 1, 1862) there were 5,228 killed, 23,824 wounded and 7,007 missing or taken prisoner for a total of 36,059 casualties. Between October 1966 and June 1969, 246,000 soldiers were recruited through Project 100,000, of whom 41% were black; black people only made up about 11% of the population of the US. [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, one of the deadliest years was 1972, where they lost over 100,000 casualties. By nearly every metric, the Vietnam War was, in the common sense of the word, a war. The war was fought largely in North Vietnam and South Vietnam, though some fighting did occur in the neighboring territories of Cambodia and Laos. About 2 million Vietnamese civilians were killed in the fighting. Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. All three men died in spring of 2020 of COVID-19 after . Vietnam War, Awards and Decorations of Honor, 1965-1972. More than 8.7 million Americans served on active duty during the Vietnam period (Nov 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975). As before, emphasis was placed on obtaining hard documentation, a task made easier as material became available on the Internet from governmental and private organizations. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. Refighting the Vietnam War. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) Vietnam War Casualties 1956-1998. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. [73][74], Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. [95][98] As a result, by the war's completion, total black casualties averaged 12.5% of US combat deaths, approximately equal to percentage of draft-eligible black men, though still slightly higher than the 10% who served in the military. 7,484 women served in Vietnam, of whom 6,250 or 83.5% were nurses. 3% were Asian, 7 or . Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. 49. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. The Vietnam War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million casualties in total. Operation Rolling Thunder History & Facts | What Was Operation Rolling Thunder? To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. This Vietnam War Covert Special Ops Unit Is The Deadliest You Never Heard Of. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History One of the first Black officers to lead a Special Forces team in combat will receive the Medal of Honor, the nation's top award for bravery on the battlefield, A South Korean court has ordered the government to pay $24,000 to a Vietnamese woman who survived a gunshot wound but lost several relatives when South Korean marines rampaged through her village during the Vietnam War in 1968, De-escalation, negotiation, and Vietnamization, The United States negotiates a withdrawal, 9 Questions About the Vietnam War Answered, https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War, Vietnam War - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vietnam War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Biden to award Medal of Honor to Vietnam-era Army officer, Court says South Korea responsible for Vietnam War massacre. 1975. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). This stemmed from the United States' involvement in the Cold War, which the United States fought to preserve democracy against the forces of Communism springing up in countries such as the Soviet Union and China. Vancouver's Rob McSorley is one of at least 134 Canadians killed in action fighting for U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. [48] In December 1966, the Blue Dragon Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Bnh Ha massacre. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. flashcard sets. Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. How to Order a Draft Record. The South Vietnamese government, on the other hand, fought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. . A. Apart from these few restrictions, the Coffelt Database is open to the public - just as Richard Coffelt intended. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. Unit Best Practice Resources Sample Unit LDP Orders Leadership Toolkits . [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. Vietnam War: 1964-1973: 58,220: 153,303: 5,283: 1:2.6: 1:29.0 (0.03) Persian Gulf War: U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. They also assert that the U.S. overall suffered fewer casualties than its opponents. "[56] Another Marine commander, Gen. Robert E. Cushman Jr., added, "we had a big problem with atrocities attributed to them, which I sent on down to Saigon. Many were never directly involved in the fighting, but rather were only caught in the crosshairs of South Vietnamese and North Vietnamese forces. After 1975. . The riot at the Long Binh Jail is the most publicized of thousands of racial incidents reported in South Vietnam between 1968 and 1971. Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. It is estimated that South Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters. Not all mines were detonated during the war and as a result they are still being either dug up or mistakenly stepped on today. The Vietnamese, in the midst of the fighting, only had a growing desire to separate from colonial France and create their own nation. Based on unit surveys, . lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. The additional resources allowed the project's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for all service branches. The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. SOG had a casualty rate of 100 percenteveryone who served in SOG was either wounded, most multiple times, or . Put in their place to rule was Emperor Bao Dai, a French implant who had ties to creating a democracy. 13 chapters | The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. Contents1 What was the ratio [] I feel like its a lifeline. [92], African Americans suffered disproportionately high casualty rates in Vietnam. Other nations such as Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the Philippines provided a limited number of troops to South Vietnamese forces. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. United States, National Archives, Korean War and Vietnam War Records; United States Vietnam War 1964 to 1972; Related Websites: NARA Series Description; NARA Reference Information Paper 90 Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era; NARA State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists for the Vietnam War 58,220. [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. Sources: World War II Honor List of Dead and Missing, June 1946; Battle Casualties of the Army, 30 September 1954; List of Casualties Incurred by U.S. Military Personnel in Connection with the Conflict in Vietnam, 30 September 1975. In the summer of 2017, I was a U.S. Army lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. Both were present at the Battle of Ia Drang, the first large-scale engagement of the Vietnam War. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. Aid sent from other nations to the South Vietnamese effort waged about 5,000 total deaths. This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. The United States withdrew its forces in 1973, placing the onus on South Vietnam to fight its own battle. The idea that this war was only to stop the spread of communism and push democracy on newly forming nations was very unpopular, and many civilians believed that the United States should not have gotten involved at all. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In 1980 Richard set out to determine the unit of assignment for each Army soldier who died in Vietnam. Total. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . Corrections? [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Seeing an opportunity to seize control, Ho's Viet Minh . Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.. Major incidents. These are the most accurate estimates of the death tolls for each group of fighters: Civilians made up a large portion of the casualties in the Vietnam War. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 196574 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. The former arrives in Vietnam in November 1965, and, soon after, is tasked with leading his 400 men in an effort to take out . As this was two years before the IBM PC (personal computer) came on the market, the work necessarily was done the old-fashioned way: by library research, travel, and in hand-writing. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 WWII POWs; WWII Enlistments; Japan POWs; Korean War Casualties; Displaying 1 - 20 . "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. Encounter Books, December 2022. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. [102] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or suffer health problems due to Agent Orange exposure. [35], For official US military operations reports, there was no established distinctions between enemy KIA and civilian KIA. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. Despite the loss of members of the unit on that day and one later in the week, Don praised the unit's overall performance. 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